Multi-objective optimisation for constructing cyclic appointment schedules for elective and urgent patients

In this paper, we study the construction of a cyclic appointment schedule in an outpatient department. particular, determine capacity distribution between elective and urgent patients scheduling time slots reserved for these such that operational waiting times are minimised. The proposed solution methodology devises Pareto set schedules based on with different allocations patients. An approximation non-dominated is obtained using multi-objective archived simulated annealing heuristic. To accurately validate schedules, incorporate decision-making via individual end, simulate variability, i.e., patient arrivals, no-show behaviour, punctuality scan durations, real-life input data. assigned one-by-one online rule. Computational experiments conducted case study. We compare rules discuss impact timing schedules. results show types, all have significant impacts times. Appointment improve when spread equally over throughout days considered Bailey–Welch rule used to Trade-offs resulting from distributions or slot exemplified front. method outperforms relevant single-pass methodologies, demonstrate its performance strengthened thanks integrated optimisation strategic, tactical decisions.